نشریه رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 48، خرداد و تیر 1400)

Abstract The present study was conducted to identify the competencies of learners in the e-learning environment at the University of Tehran. The research method was applied on purpose, and data collection is a mixed method. In the first part, using a qualitative approach and documentary research method, 41 components were identified, and then 18 components with the highest frequencies were selected. The statistical population has been included all students of the University of  Tehran who had the experience of studying in an online learning environment, then 308 individuals were selected as a sample using a random sampling method. In the second part, using a quantitative approach and descriptive-analytical research method, the researcher-made questionnaire is based on 18 components identified in the previous step were classified into four categories and included 78 items. Experts examined the questionnaire’s validity, and we used Lisrel for structural validity, and its reliability was obtained for 0.94 by Cronbach’s alpha. On the other hand, we used SPSS and LISREL software to analyze the findings, and single-variable t-test, independent t-analysis and factor analysis were used. Results of the data analysis show that: 1- According to confirmatory factor analysis, all test items show a desirable level, which means the proposed model has a good fit 2. Among the 18 components identified, all components except the component of previous experiences related to IT are at a higher than average level. 3- According to students, it was placed in the priority among the 18 components of computer skills (hardware and software), and the self-assessment component has the lowest priority. It seems that to have a proper e-learning environment university and faculties should pay more attentions to the students’ need and priorities.

This study aimed to develop a qualitative model of intellectual capital based on the organizational learning approach in the General Department of Education of Khorasan Razavi Province and the seven districts of the Mashhad Education Department. It was applied-developmental in terms of purpose, mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in terms.
research This study method and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of academic and professional education experts, of whom 25 people were selected using the purposive sampling. After defining the subject and conducting library and exploratory studies, a list of the propositions concerning the dimensions and components of the research variables was provided and after receiving the qualitative and quantitative corrective comments, it was confirmed by academic and professional education experts. After determining and confirming the reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, it was distributed to the Delphi members in the form of a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the statistical procedures and (SPSS 22) and experts reached a consensus about research dimensions and research components using the Kendall's coefficient of concordance (0.723).
The results showed there were four dimensions and 21 components of intellectual capital and there were three dimensions and 12 components of organizational learning.
Finally, the appropriateness of the model was confirmed by the experts using one sample t-test.

The present study aimed to Surveying the impact of quantum management on human resource productivity via mediating organizational empathy. This research was a quantitative research and applied in terms of purpose and also it has a descriptive-correlation method. Library studies were used to collect information such as theoretical foundations and research background and The data of this study using a standard questionnaire of quantum management (2011) and organizational empathy questionnaire (2014) and human resource productivity Goldsmith (1980) by a sample of 320 employees, It was collected from the administrative staff of Khorramabad universities in 2020. Samples were selected by relative stratified sampling method using Krejcie and Morgan table. To calculate the validity, content validity was used. The results indicated the validity of the research tool. In order to determine the validity of internal consistency, the prototype was pre-tested, and according to the confidence coefficients obtained by Cronbach's alpha method for the human resource productivity questionnaire 0.93, for quantum management questions of 0.8 and an organizational empathy questionnaire of 0.82 is good reliability.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that quantum management impact on human resource productivity is explained by the mediator variable of organizational empathy as well as Quantum management also affects human resource productivity and organizational empathy, but the affect of organizational empathy on human resource productivity was not supported according to research data.

Organizational virtue is one of the new concepts of an organization that is based on positive psychology. The study in this area encompasses prominent behaviors in the organization, which lead to positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to design and explain pattern for consequents of virtuous organization at public universities in Yazd province.
research The research methodology was based on "exploratory mixed research" method. At First phase, the qualitative research method of "focus group" was applied by using semi-structured interviews with 8 member of faculty members of Yazd state universities, and then analyzing and coding the data obtained from the interview and literature the method of thematic analysis was executed, then the conceptual model of research was developed. Then in quantitative research section, conceptual model with a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed to the sample of 285 employees of public universities in Yazd province, was tested with structural equation model. Content validity, divergent, convergent, and also composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this questionnaire were appropriate.
In the model which was obtained from qualitative research, the consequences of the virtuous University, was "organizational spontaneity", "organizational citizenship behavior", "organizational identity", "spiritual well-being", "professional moral courage", "organizational happiness", "organizational health", "organizational performance", and "Social Capital" and also the impact of some consequences on each other were identified. The results of quantitative showed that  all consequences had a suitable factor load and the model was confirmed.
  benefits and consequences of organizational virtue are not apparent in the short term; Therefore, university manager and staff  should  know that by institutionalizing virtuous behaviors in the university, the quality of services and competitive advantage would be increased in long term for the university.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between principals' instructional leadership and school effectiveness with the mediating role of school culture. The research method was correlational and based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study consisted of all first secondary schools teachers in Ardabil province in the academic year 2018-19 with 3064 (1684 men and 1380 women) teachres. The sample size was 346 according to the Krejcie and Morgan sample size table, which increased to 418 (236 men and 182 women). The stratified random sampling method was used. Data were collected through three questionnaires: principals' instructional leadership ranking (Hallinger, 2013), school culture survey (Gruenert & Valentine, 1998) and school effectiveness index (Hoy, 2009). The validity and reliability of all three questionnaires were confirmed. Research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method and AMOS24 software. The results showed that according to teachers' perception: There was a significant positive relationship between the principals' instructional leadership variables, school culture and school effectiveness. The full mediating role of school culture in the relationship between principals' instructional leadership and school effectiveness was also confirmed. According to the results of this study, educational leadership and school culture can contribute to the schools effectiveness; Therefore, in order to achieve the effectiveness of schools, principals must develop a positive school culture.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teachers’ traininig in effective classroom management on cognitive outcomes (perceptions of classroom environment and time on task.
research Research plan, experimental pretest-posttest control group with follow-up testing was used. The population of this research included all teachers with work experience under 10 years from seaman elemetry secondary schools(fourth to sixth grades) and their  class students . The participants of intervention program were 40  teachers chosen and participated in random replacement method in experimental and control groups(each group, n=20). All  students in both groups completed the questionnaire of Genty and Gable’s Perception of Classroom Activities. Time on task was measured by traind observers in all 40 classes. Then, the intervention was performed for the teachers in experimental group during 15 two hours sessions. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Data were also followed for two months.
The investigation of two groups in terms of mean in perceptions of classroom environment through the tools used in the post-test and follow-up showed an increase in Interest, Challenge and Choice in the group after the intervention (p<.001).Also the average of time on task in experimental group was significently higher in both post and follow up test (p<.001). Moreover, the results proved to be stable in a time lapse of two months
Conclusion Understanding the effective learning environment needs knowledge and recognition of a set of techniques that can be learned and applied

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching in physics on self-directed learning of secondary school students. This study was performed on 12th grade students of Isfahan Experimental Sciences with 7358 students by quasi-experimental method and with pre-test-post-test design with control group in the academic year 2018-2019 .Therefore, 54 by available sampling method in two classes of 27 people. The experimental group received physics simulators (atomic and nuclear physics subjects) from the University of Colorado Boulder Web site that matched the topics used and contained most of the basic concepts in the high school computer lab and control group with traditional teaching method (lecture) 16 sessions of 90 minutes, they received for 8 weeks. Self-centered learning was measured by self-directed learning test by Fisher et al. (2001) based on Garrison (1997) in three subscales of self-management, Self-motivation and self-monitoring Which is Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that the teaching method based on simulation has the ability of self-centered learning in students and there is self-management, Self-motivation and self-monitoring in all three subscales

Human resources are a treasure trove of potential organizational forces that can be strategically developed, deployed and deployed extensively to compete and achieve excellence. The present study was conducted to assess the space and strategies of human resources development in preparation for possible changes in education. The research approach was quantitative and descriptive - evaluation. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees of Khorramabad general education and education departments who were selected by stratified sampling proportional to the size of 215 employees. The tool used included two questionnaires adapted from the studies (Chanda & Kabra, 2000) under the heading "Evaluating Human Resources Development Area" and "Evaluating Human Resources Development Strategies". The face validity of the questionnaire was tested through expert opinions and its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the education staff evaluated the human resource development space in their work environment as moderately desirable. Concerning human resource development strategies, the findings also showed that employees rated their satisfaction with the desirability of HR strategies at a lower than average level. The results of one-way ANOVA test also showed that there is no significant difference between the educational staff's perspective on HRD variables and HRD strategies based on educational background and experience. It seems that there is little room for change in the organization of education. To make an overall change in the organization, it is necessary to apply the process through HR strategies. Organizing the change process requires a delicate balance between the stakeholders of the organization. The evolution of HR strategy leads to change in all aspects of HR, systems, beliefs, structure and business expectations of this sector. This is similar to the architecture of change.

One of the long-standing goals of humanity has been to seek a better life and improve the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify organizational-occupational factors affecting the quality of life of primary school teachers in Sistan and Baluchestan province.
research this study was conducted with a qualitative approach of content analysis. In this regard, using purposive sampling method and applying theoretical saturation criteria, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 expert teachers. Data analysis was performed using open MAXQDA18 software in open coding format. To evaluate the validity and reliability, the methods of "review by members", "three-way resource", "peer review", "review of observers" and "reliability between two coders" were used.
Findings Finally, 10 major categories including improving the economic status of teachers, improving the status of the teaching profession, interpersonal interactions at school, the physical atmosphere of the school, the development of competencies in the teaching profession, organizational justice and meritocracy, workload, job satisfaction, burnout, welfare facilities and Health and recreation suitable for teachers; Were identified as organizational-professional factors affecting the quality of life of teachers.
the results indicate that teachers are complaining about the status of organizational-occupational factors in the primary school. Also, providing appropriate health and welfare facilities and infrastructure to minimize these problems.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being in the relationship between resilience and positive communication in school..
research

The statistical population consisted of 2744 female students in the first secondary schools of Behbahan city. From them 338 students were determined by the Krejcie and Morgan table as the statistical sample and selected by multistage cluster sampling. The required data were collected using Conner and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaires (2003), Positive connection at School Betty et al. (2004), and Ryff Psychological Well-being (1989), using  SPSS and Amos software . Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between variables in the assumed model.

The results showed that the fitting indices (absolute, adaptive, and target) of the mediating model of psychological well-being variable (with some modifications) were significantly in good condition. The results also showed that based on the assumed model, the variables of resiliency 0.15 and psychological well-being 0.123 of the statistical dispersion  explained positive communication scores in school. The indirect effect of resilience on positive communication at school with mediating role of psychological well-being was 0.131, which is statistically significant.

The purpose of study is survey to identify the dimensions and components of academic corruption in Iranian higher education. The research approach is heuristic mixed method. In the qualitative part, the Grounded Theory(GT) method was used. The participants in this section consisted of 20 professors of higher education in Tehran, Allameh Tabataba'i, Amirkabir University of Technology, Kurdistan and Semnan Universities of which selected through theoretical sampling method and data were collected using the Semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding methods using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. The results show that the concepts and categories related to the conceptual dimensions of academic corruption are structural, non-structural, and scientific. Also, the main categories of academic corruption were drawn in terms of causal, contextual, and confounding conditions, and finally, the resulting outcomes. The quantitative part was done by descriptive method and using survey. In the quantitative part, after designing the questionnaire tool based on the findings of the first part, data were tested for normality and confirmatory factor analysis was used for validity of the questionnaire, which was done for the concept of corruption; factors affecting academic corruption and its consequences. Then, using the Chi-square method and Friedman analysis, the dimensions, factors, and consequences of academic corruption were examined. The results show that in the structural-administrative dimension, the most important factor is the quantitative development of higher education with a mean (4.0489), and in the non-structural dimension, literacy with a mean (4.0326) is the most important; Is the least common of these species. Also among the causal factors are the mechanisms of production of science with a mean (15.7011); in the underlying factors, the mass higher education and the Credentialism with a mean (15.7880); Average (11.6739) is the most important.

The purpose of this study was to identify the leadership components of Islamic Azad universities' leadership. The exploratory qualitative research method and the participants included academic experts. The method of sampling was purposive and theoretical saturation, which was conducted with academic experts and continued until data saturation and no new data were obtained. The interview continued for 21 people. The method of analyzing the interviews was carried out using the thematic analysis method (basic themes, organizer and inclusive). At first, the transcript of the interview was fully implemented and completed, followed by a detailed study of these key components for each of the key components of the interviews. Leadership Competence: Demonstrated insights, ethical-value competencies, emotional-social competences, political competencies, technical-specialized competencies, and managerial-operational competencies for Azad University managers.